Aerosol particles 3

• EnvSc
  • Lecture 3
    • Ecosystem 1
    • Ecosystem 2
    • Exam & Assignments
  • Lecture 4
    • Aerosol particles 1
    • Aerosol particles 2
  • Lecture 5
    • Aerosol particles 3
  • Lecture 6
    • Env. management 1
    • Env. management 2
  • Lecture 7
    • Nuclear Energy and Radioactivity 1
    • Nuclear Energy and Radiation 2
  • Lecture 8
    • Ecotoxicology
  • Lecture 10?
    • Energy
  • Lecture Last
    • Before exam
    • Before exam 2
    • Before exam 3

Today: On partible genration and health effects. Combustion of fuel → exhaust gas Discuss the generation and health effects Which processes? What happens with the exhaust before it leaves the car? What has been done to reduce? What can be done with the fuel and with the exhaust pipe? About the same amount of work to both these parts: Health effects Generation This hour: HEALTH EFFECTS Difficult to study because we're all influenced, and by so much, so it's hard to say what causes what Nucleation - creation of particles from aerosols Spherical diameter of non-spherical particle - the radius of a round particle that behaves in the same way. (just consider all partivles as spherical) Health effects aerosols.pdf

Ambient aerosol deposition retention clearance absorption Focus on: particle induced oxidative reactions (ROS, ROM) inflamation health effects ~~~ Hazard ratio (HR) for death was elevated 3-15% for each increase of 10Mg/m³ in PM2.5 Focus on what interests you the most, you don't have to cover everything in detail! Try to focus on the generation of particles in moment of combustion.. what is the distribution coming out of the car? What particles come out? What has been done about this? The health link is good - the other part is more tricky. Try looking for yourself if you like. Studying aerosols might give health info about nano particles

Background data: EU emission standards for DPM (diesel particle matter) EURO1 (1992): 0.14 g/km (larger range than PM10?) EURO2 (1996): 0.10 g/km ... EURO5 (2009): ~0.005 g/km (reduced by 30 times since 1992!) Newly registered diesel cars in Europe: 1997 ~ 250 000 2006 ~ 750 000 Particle emissions do not change if you change to biofuels. Some biofuels emit more particles! By directing the fuel before it explodes it has been possible to reduce particles considerably. (Instead of letting the fuel spread homogenously) Desired: Find fuels with less carbon to cut emissions Ash: Particles in the fuel which are not participating in the combusiton Combustion products: From incomplete combustion From additional substances in the fuel From combustion soot (elemental carbon) large condensed hydrocarbons oxides and sulfates of different metals and heavy metals acetylen C2H2 PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)

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